A simple solar cell experiment the following experiment was performed using a commercial polycrystalline silicon solar cell with an active area of 8. Experiments with solar cell from solar kit european physical. Published by the american association of physics teachers. From basic principles to advanced concepts no longer used. Pdf the basic equivalent circuit of a pn junction solar cell is most. Solar cells are like batteries series and parallel pv cell connections. Physics education division ped of the european physical society eps. A solar cell is an electronic device which directly converts sunlight into electricity.
Polymer cells can be made with a power conversion efficiency of 9%, which is still somewhat lower than that of inorganic silicon solar cells with efficiencies on the order of 15%. Solar cells physics or astronomy science fair projects. To plot the vi characteristics of the solar cell and hence determine the fill factor. Solar photovoltaic cells introduction one method of converting energy from the sun solar energy is to use a solar cell also known as a photovoltaic cell. Pdf solar cell iv curves demonstrate the relationship between the current and voltage across. Article pdf available in journal of physics conference series.
This experiment introduces students to the physics of solar. At the same time, the internal resistance of solar cell has also been calculated through the experiments. The pm section of the worksheet stands for peer marking. Pdf method to determine the single curve iv characteristic. Substantially improved agreement between the results of this theory and experiment is reached. Heres how to calculate the power the solar cell delivers to the motor. It is suitable for undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers new to the field. Meanwhile, work on the physics of pv phenomena has. Good solar sites usually have greater than 2500 kwhm2 of power available per year. Two meters mounted on the front panel to measure the solar cell voltage and current. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the physics of the photovoltaic cell. Physics laboratory manual for engineering undergraduates dr.
Experiment instructions to carry out an investigation into the factors affecting the voltage produced by a solar cell. This apparatus allows students in introductory physics course to plot iv characteristics of a solar cell by a simple experiment. This set of experiments responds to requests from teachers of physics in. Constraints on novel solar cellspanels 1 due to the cost of the balance of systems, a solar cell of zero cost must exhibit efficiency greater than about 15% to be financially practical. Interesting and inexpensive experiments for high school. I tested all the tracking and data logging software routines before running the experiment outside with the real tracker hardware. Experiments in engineering physics physics lab manual fourth revised edition. This experiment will offer a deeper analysis into the relationship between solar panel efficiency and dust buildup. This is the total sunlight power that a square meter of land will receive in one year.
Denis ar con ljubljana, may 2011 abstract this seminar is a short overview of current photovoltaics. The impressive supply of solar energy is complemented by its versatility, as illustrated in figure 1. Measurement of short circuit current iesc with biasing the solar cell and compare it with the. Apparatus for characteristic study of solar cell model no. The power of a solar cell is the product of the voltage across the solar cell times the current through the solar cell. The readeris told why pv cells work, and how theyare made. The characteristics is given in my book without any explanation.
This was because i tried to setup before dawn and things began to gather dew. Users may need to adapt the risk assessment information to local circumstances. Experiments are being conducted on alternative grid. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. We give the upper limit to the solar cell e ciency. Physics laboratory manual for engineering undergraduates. Experiments with photovoltaic cells university of oregon. This book presents a nonmathematical explanation of the theory and. This thesis include five experiment about the distance, angle, circuit connection and wavelength of light source, that investigate how theses variables can affect the solar panel function. So i did an experiment with solar cells to obtain an i. Solar cell characterization apparatus iv characteristics. Vary the distance of the lamp to the cell by placing the lamp on blocks or books. They should read the procedure thoroughly for the lab experiment from the manual and come well prepared.
Many of the topics that are discussed in this book are also covered in the massive open online course mooc on solar energy delftx, et. In our solar cell experiment, we were tasked with experimenting with solar panels and how they function. A fully levelled investigation into how cloud cover effects the amount of electricity solar cells produce. However, the performance is steadily improving and polymer solar cells promise to enable much lower production costs because the active layers can be deposited from. Newest solarcells questions physics stack exchange. Under illumi nation from an artificial light source with an intensity of 8. Joe wolfe1, school of physics, the university of new south wales, sydney. Solar cell is the basic unit of solar energy generation system where electrical energy is extracted directly from light energy without any intermediate process. Sunlight can be converted into electricity by exciting electrons in a solar cell. Using photovoltaic cells also called solar cells, solar energy can be converted into electricity.
It would be a natural assumption that for solar cell performance visible light is. Class 12, physics experiment,to study the vi characteristics curve of p n junction in forward bias. The rate of energy generation or power from the solar cell. The lab exercises found in this manual focus on the physics that is the basis of issues concerning the generation and use of energy in our technological society. Constructing the photovoltaic energy system for light. The difficulty lies in converting it efficiently and cheaply. Crystalline silicon solar cells have dominated the photovoltaic market since. Hereby, we present the first version of our book solar. The process of conversion first requires a material which absorbs the solar energy photon, and then raises an electron to a higher energy state, and then the flow of this highenergy electron to an external circuit. Based on the highly successful german version, but thoroughly revised and updated, this edition contains the latest knowledge on the mechanisms of. The physics of solar cells journal of applied physics 50, 5356 1979. Fundamental properties of solar cells, principles and.
I have also found some information through the internet about this effect of dust buildup on the efficiency of the panel. I setup the equipment outside once the day began to warm. Pdf teaching solar cell iv characteristics using spice. An overview of the sequence is shown to the right figure 1. Todd kaiser montana state university solar cell lab manual july 2009 this manual was designed for use with the montana microfabrication facility at montana state university. Solar cell mounted on the front panel in a metal box with connections brought out on terminals. For an extensive description of the physics of solar cells, we refer. Sure to spark a greater scientific interest in the world we live in. An experiment to measure the ivcharacteristics of a. Solar information module 62 published february 1982 this book presents a nonmathematical explanation of the theory and design of pv solar cells and systems. Physics formula for calculating power power current x voltage. These solar cells are fabricated using a combination of thin film deposition and etching techniques. If youre looking for a free download links of solar cell device physics pdf, epub, docx and torrent then this site is not for you.
Pdf fill factor analysis of solar cells currentvoltage curves. A novel methodology is proposed to obtain exactly the five. The physics of the solar cell university of california. The physics of solar cells by jenny nelson, imperial college press, 2003. Selenium cells have never become practical as energy. Application of pn junctions within solar cells is discussed. To study the characteristics of solar cell to study the.
Use a current source representing the photoelectric current and resistors representing the shunt and series resistances. Hoedsc01 is an effective tool for evaluating the characteristics of solar cell. Effect of temperature on a solar panel results carrying out the experiment. Effective teaching methods projectbased learning in physics. Secondly, on lab scale the real contact area of solar cells. Practical photovoltaic pv cells were discovered in 1954 when they were demonstrated by. Curriculum and experiments using the photovoltaic education kits. Part b semiconductor devices experiment series 3 solar cell solar cell prelaboratory assignment draw the equivalent circuit representing a solar cell. Characteristics of solar cell fill factor experiment youtube. A few basic household items are required for several experiments such as a light bulb and tin foil.
In this video we will study the characteristics of solar cell. Student attending the practical in repeat session will get less marks b. Pdf after completion of the solar cell manufacturing process the currentdensity versus. You will need solar cells, voltmeters and tracing paper for the practical. From the results of these experiments we found that, the value of i 0 is between. Determine the emf and internal resistance of an electrical cell objective. Core practical 3 teacher sheet determine the emf and internal resistance of an electrical cell practical activities have been safety checked but not trialled by cleapss. The above data shows that there is significant power available in solar energy. In our experiment, the solar cell and motor had v 1. Thereis also a chapter on advanced types of silicon cells. This kit includes instructions to do seven fun experiments, as well as an explanation of how solar power is harnessed. Practical photovoltaic pv cells were discovered in 1954 when they were demonstrated by powering toys. Department of physics engineering physics lab manual as per 2017 academic regulation common to all branches of b. Solar energy can be part of a mixture of renewable energy sources used to meet the need for electricity.
Chapters 68cover the designs of systems constructed from individual cells includingpossible constructions for putting cells together and the equipment needed for a practioal producer of electrical energy. Solar cells produce direct current dc electricity and an inverter can be used to change this to alternating current ac electricity. It can yield chemical fuel via natural photosynthesis in green plants or artificial photosynthesis in humanengineered systems. A solar cell uses the photovoltaic effect to convert solar radiation directly to dc electrical energy. Energy use lies at the center of industrial society, the products of which, from light bulbs to cell phones. An ofsted inspector rated the lesson as good with some outstanding features. In 1958 they found wide acceptance as part of the space program. Solar cells physics kids projects, physics science fair project, pyhsical science, astrology, planets solar experiments for kids and also organics physics science ideas for cbse,icse,gcse,middleschool, elementary school for 5th,6th,7th,8th,9th and high school students. In the first part of the lab we wanted to see how changing the intensity of light affected the amount of electricity produced by the solar cell.
Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading physics of solar cells. Such behavior is analyzed in more detail for the example of cdscu 2 s and cd z zn 1. Experiments with pv cells uo solar radiation monitoring. Light shining on the solar cell produces both a current and a voltage to generate electric power. To obtain a viable power output for practical applica. Peter wurfel describes in detail all aspects of solar cell function, the physics behind every single step, as well as all the issues to be considered when improving solar cells and their efficiency.
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